Amakhowa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo

Los amakhowa -Okanye amakhowa-, ngokungafaniyo nabantu abaninzi, azizizo izityalo azivelisi ukutya kwazo njengoko imifuno isenza- phakathi kwezinye izinto-.

Ezona fungi zixhaphakileyo zibizwa njalo amakhowa (kwaziwa njenge amakhowa eParis), nangona kunjalo kwiqela lefungi kukho igwele, ezibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho kuba zezona zona ukuvelisa ukubila kwebhiya kunye nesonka.

kunjalo, Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu njengokutya kuba kufunyenwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo kwamakhowa kunokuphucula imisebenzi yomzimba.

Izibonelelo zamakhowa

Phakathi kokunikela ngesondlo koku kulandelayo:

• Iprotein.- Kukholelwa ukuba oku kutya kuneprotheyini eninzi kunentlobo ezininzi zemifuno ngenxa yokulinganisela kwayo kwee-amino acid ekubeni lolona khetho lubalaseleyo, ngakumbi izidlo zemifuno.
• Iivithamini kunye neeminerals.- Banenani elikhulu lezi zinto, ezisisiseko kukutya kwemihla ngemihla.
• Zisezantsi kwiikhalori (malunga neekhalori ezingama-28 nge-100 g yamakhowa aluhlaza) ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi lee-carbohydrate kunye namafutha, ukuba lukhetho olulungileyo lawula ubunzima bakho.
• Zizityebi kwii-antioxidants -Kunye nezinye izinto- ezikhuthaza amajoni omzimba, cholesterol esezantsi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi.
• Ziphantsi kwisodiyam.

Olunye usetyenziso olunokunikwa amakhowa zezi:

• Njengemihombiso- Kumazwe afana neMexico, Amakhowa, ekhatshwa ziintyatyambo namasebe, asetyenziselwa iinjongo zobuhle iminyaka ukwenza eminye imibhiyozo.
• Njengee-hallucinogens.- Amanye amakhowa anje nge Amakhowa e-psilocybin Baxhatshazwe ngumzi mveliso wamayeza kunye iinjongo zonyango.
• Njengamayeza- ukusukela oko kwafunyanwa ifayile ye- ipenicillin, Ishishini elikhulu liphuhlise ngeenxa zonke i-antibiotics esele ikhona loncedo olukhulu ekulweni izifo ezininzi.

Iimpawu zamakhowa

Nangona ulwakhiwo lunokusondela kwizityalo, lunomahluko omkhulu kuzo. Enye yezona ziphambili yile ifungi ifuna ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuze iphile, kuba abanakuvelisa ukutya kwabo. Kufuneka ikhankanywe ukuba iiseli zayo zine-eukaryotic, Oko kukuthi, zinenucleus yazo njengoko zisenzeka kwizityalo okanye izilwanyana. Kodwa kule meko, abayenzi imisebenzi efanayo nabo. Zihlala zinemulticellular, nangona kuyinyani ukuba siya kufumana iintlobo ze-unicellular, ezinje ngegwele.

Asinakuthetha ngendawo enye kuphela ngaphakathi apho kuhlala amakhowa. Kuba banokuphuhlisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba amahlathi okanye iindawo ezinomswakama zizintandokazi zakhe. Kodwa kufuneka kuthiwe iintlobo ezithile zifihliwe ekukhanyeni kwaye ziya kukhula kwiindawo ezimnyama. Njengoko besitshilo kakuhle, banokulungiswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zesithuba.

Ngokumalunga nokondliwa komngundo, bafuna ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo okanye umhlaba ofumileyo ukubanceda. Kuba njengomsebenzi wendalo, amakhowa ayimfuneko kwindalo esingqongileyo, ukusukela oko Unceda ukwahlula izinto eziphilayo, ke sinokuthi bayanceda ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona. Ukuveliswa kwayo kwakhona kwenzeka nge-spores kwaye kunokwahlulwa phakathi kokuzala ngokwesondo okanye ngokwesondo.

Ukwahlula

Banokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela amakhulu amane ukuba athathele ingqalelo:

• IiSaprophytesZizo ezo zitya izinto eziphilayo ezinokuvela kwizilwanyana nakwizityalo.
• Yenzang: Bonke abo banobudlelwane nezityalo. Oku kukuba batshintshe zombini izondlo kunye namanzi kwaye bathathe iivithamini kwizityalo, kuba iifungi azikwazi ukuvelisa.
• IlayisenisiZizinto eziphilayo ezivela kumanyano phakathi komngundo kunye nealga.
• IiParasites: Zidla ngokuvela ngaphakathi emzimbeni womnye umntu ophilayo, ngaxeshanye zithathe izakhamzimba kuwo.

Ungawabona njani amakhowa atyiwayo

Kuyinyani ukuba amakhowa anokusetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni ukutya okungaphezulu kokutya okumnandi. Kodwa oku kufuneka siziqonde ezo zidliwayo. Into ayisoloko ilula, kuba zininzi iintlobo.

• Inyathelo lokuqala esiza kulithatha iya kuba jonga ezikalini, kuba ezi zihlala ziboniswa kwindawo yomnqwazi. La manqanaba aya kwenziwa zii-spores, ke uya kuyibona indlela ukungunda okungasoloko kuhlala kunjalo, kodwa zininzi kuyo.
• Umphezulu uyasuswa, kwaye i-mushroom ibekwe ijonge ezantsi. Ngale ndlela iziporho ziyakuphuma, ezinokuba nemibala eyahlukeneyo efana nomhlophe, umdaka okanye beige. Ukuba ubona umbala obomvu okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kungcono ushiye apho bakhoyo.
• Bahlala benalolo hlobo lwama-mushroom esiwaziyo. Siza kuzifumana ecaleni kwexolo lemithi, kunye nakwiindawo ezinomswakama.

Akukho zitshixo zifutshane zokwazi ukuba amakhowa ayatyiwa na okanye hayi. Ngaphezulu kwayo nantoni na kuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezinokusikhokelela kudideko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka sihlale silishiya eli nyathelo kwiingcali.

Ngaba akhowa amakhowa ayityhefu?

Ewe kukho amakhowa ayityhefu. Ezinye zeentlobo zinokuthi khupha iityhefu ezithile, kwezinye iimeko, ezibulalayo. Nokuba ubangenisile kwangaphambili. Xa uthatha i-mushroom yolu hlobo, sinokuqala ukuziva isicaphucaphu kunye ne-colic, ukubila kubanda okanye i-tachycardia phakathi kwezinye iimpawu. Kuxhomekeka kumngundo ekuthethwa ngawo kunye nemali esetyenzisiweyo, inokudala iingxaki ezinkulu kwizintso, kunye nesibindi kunye nokufa, kwiimeko ezinobuzaza. Amanye amakhowa ayityhefu ngala: Amanita Abrupta, Amanita bisporigera okanye uGalerina Marginata kunye noBoletus Pulcherrimus, phakathi kwamanye amaninzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamakhowa

• Igwele yenye yezona ziphambili kuba iyangenelela kwi Inkqubo yokuvumba. Enkosi ngayo kunye neendidi zayo ungenza isonka, kunye nebhiya okanye iwayini.
• Olunye usetyenziso lwamakhowa kuye kwenziwa fumana ivanishi. Abachweli kunye nabenzi bekhabhathi babefaka imibala kwifenitshala eyenziwe ngomthi ngenxa yekhowa.
• Kwakwelo mushroom linye, libizwa ngokuba yi 'Inonotus Hispidus', zafunyanwa nazo imatshisi. Ukwenza oku, yahlulwa yangamacwecwe amancinci kwaye yafakwa kwiitrate. Yintoni eyenza ilangatye lomlilo libambe.
• Izixhobo ezilola: Nangona kubonakala kunzima, kukho iindidi zamakhowa ezibizwa ngokuba yi 'Piptoporus Betulinus' enqunqwe ibe ngamacwecwe kwaye kufuneka yome kakuhle ukuze iqine. Nje ukuba oku kwenzekile, ukulungele ukuloba iimela zakho kunye neebhleyidi.
• Como inki yokubhala: Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, abanye ababhali basebenzise ikhowa 'iCoprinus comatus' eyayiphosa inki emnyama, eyayizaliswa kuyo imithombo yeinki.